Glyconeogenesis
 | This article relies largely or entirely on a single source. (June 2021) |
 | This article is missing information about relation to gluconeogenesis (somehow few recent sources talk about both terms in the same article, I wonder why). (January 2023) |
Glyconeogenesis is the synthesis of glycogen without using glucose or other carbohydrates, instead using substances like proteins and fats. This includes substrates like glycerol, lactate, glutamine and alanine[1]. It's used in replenishing glycogen stores when glucose is limited[2], like after long periods of fasting[3]. In the liver and kidneys, it uses the enzymes phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2 and fructose-1,6-bisphophatase 1[1], and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 2 in skeletal muscle[2]. One example is the conversion of lactic acid to glycogen in the liver.[4][full citation needed] Lactic acid is converted to alanine, the alanine is transfered to the liver, and once in the liver is it converted back to alanine where it is free to be transformed into glucose[3].
References
[edit]- ^ a b Jeroundi, Najia; Roy, Charlotte; Basset, Laetitia; Pignon, Pascale; Preisser, Laurence; Blanchard, Simon; Bocca, Cinzia; Abadie, Cyril; Lalande, Julie; Gueguen, Naïg; Mabilleau, Guillaume; Lenaers, Guy; Moreau, Aurélie; Copin, Marie-Christine; Tcherkez, Guillaume (2024-12-06). "Glycogenesis and glyconeogenesis from glutamine, lactate and glycerol support human macrophage functions". EMBO reports. 25 (12): 5383–5407. doi:10.1038/s44319-024-00278-4. ISSN 1469-221X. PMC 11624281. PMID 39424955.
- ^ a b Park, Hyun-Jun; Jang, Hye Rim; Park, Shi-Young; Kim, Young-Bum; Lee, Hui-Young; Choi, Cheol Soo (2020-03-16). "The essential role of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 2 enzyme in thermal homeostasis upon cold stress". Experimental & Molecular Medicine. 52 (3): 485–496. doi:10.1038/s12276-020-0402-4. ISSN 2092-6413.
- ^ a b Komoda, Tsugikazu; Matsunaga, Toshiyuki (2015-06-25). "Biochemistry for Medical Professionals". ScienceDirect. Retrieved 2025-05-05.
- ^ "Glyconeogenesis – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics". www.sciencedirect.com. Retrieved 2021-06-11.
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